Значение уловов стальноголового лосося для изучения океанической экологии тихоокеанского лосося в заливе Аляска зимой 2022 г.

   В ходе исследования зимней экологии тихоокеанских лососей в зал. Аляска, проведенного с 25 февраля по 25 марта 2022 г., выловлено 57 особей микижи (также называемой стальноголовым лососем или стальноголовой форелью). Для лова тихоокеанских лососей использовались экспериментальные жаберные сети и яруса, при этом микижа ловилась исключительно в жаберные сети. Уловы микижи оказались выше, чем всех видов тихоокеанских лососей. Большинство особей выловлено жаберными сетями в верхнем 4-метровом слое, и все они были выловлены на глубинах не более 6 м. Эти результаты, а также анализ ранее опубликованных данных свидетельствуют о том, что микижа проводит практически весь период жизни в открытом океане в нескольких метрах от поверхности воды. Среди выловленной микижи рыб, присутствовали 34 особи в возрасте первого морского года и 21 особь в возрасте второго морского года; при этом 9 особей достигли половой зрелости. ДНК-анализ половозрелых особей показал, что они происходят из бассейнов рек Колумбия и Насс, а также рек зал. Пьюджет-Саунд и западного побережья о. Ванкувер. Микижа заходит в реки после окончания календарной зимы и, предположительно, вскоре нерестится. Еще для 45 особей методом ДНК-анализа были определены районы происхождения, однако эти результаты остаются предварительными из-за ограниченности исходной референсной базы. У рыб в возрасте второго морского года второе годовое кольцо на чешуе не обнаружено. У 16 из 33 особей первого морского года на чешуе имелось годовое кольцо. Количество склеритов в приросте после годового кольца варьировалось от 2 до 7, что указывает на длительный период формирования годовых колец у микижи. Микижа выловлена на станциях, где температура воды на поверхности превышала верхний температурный предел, ранее опубликованный для этого вида в зимний период. Врожденная склонность вида обитать в приповерхностных слоях в сочетании с продолжающимся потеплением океана, включая недавние волны тепла, подчеркивает необходимость более глубокого изучения океанической экологии микижи, особенно в зимний период.

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