Determination of optimal parameters of body weight, rearing, temperature regime and composition of feed during adaptation of juvenile pike perch (Sander lucioperca) from ponds to industrial conditions

Here are the results of studies to determine the optimal parameters of the mass of juveniles, stocking density, temperature regime and the composition of artificial feed for the adaptation of pond zander to industrial conditions. It was found that pond juveniles with an average weight of 101 mg were characterized by the best adaptive properties, which quickly (within 3–4 days) switched to the consumption of artificial feed and reached 1 g in 25 days. The average daily growth rate was 9,4%, the survival rate was 93%. On the contrary, juveniles, which grew in ponds to an average weight of 452 mg, required a two-week adaptation to new growing conditions and feed, during this period they did not feed and showed signs of cannibalism, which led to a loss of body weight up to 30% and mortality up to 58%. When growing pike perch adapted to the pond, the best results were obtained under conditions of low stocking density (2,7 ind./l) at a water temperature of 22–23 °C. Juveniles under such conditions reached a weight of 2,72 g in three weeks of rearing with a survival rate of 69%. Testing various experimental diets showed that the inclusion of microbial biomass in the feed formulation (25% of the total feed composition) increases the growth rate of juveniles by an average of 17%, and the survival rate by 13%, compared with juveniles that received a control feed containing as a source protein a combination of components in the form of soy feed concentrate (12% of the total feed) and dry egg protein (11% of the total feed). Complete replacement of fish oil (control food) with flaxseed oil in the feed increased the growth rate by 16% and the survival rate of juveniles by 16% in relation to the control variant. The results of biochemical studies of pike perch cultivated under industrial conditions indicate a decrease in the level of fat and protein in juveniles with an increase in water temperature. Replacing fish oil with flaxseed oil in the experimental diet leads to a decrease in total lipids in the body of pike perch (by 9%), and the introduction of high-protein products of microbiological synthesis into the feed instead of vegetable and egg proteins increases the protein level in juveniles (up to 9%). The hematological parameters of pike perch grown in different temperature conditions and on different diets (including the commercial feed Biomar) showed a significant decrease in the level of immature erythrocytes with an increase in water temperature and a decrease in the proportion of neutrophils when replacing fish oil in the diet with vegetable oil in experimental juveniles pike perch. Comparison of the biochemical parameters of pike perch grown in different conditions (ponds and fish-breeding basins) showed a decrease in pond juveniles, relative to the hatchery, in total fat (2,5 against 6,3 % on average), protein (15,8 against 16,9 %) and vitamin C (25,1 versus 54,3 μg / kg), and high humidity (78,4 versus 73,2%) in the fish body. Hematological parameters of pond juveniles were characterized by a relatively low proportion of mature lymphocytes (84,5 versus 88,1–90,8%), the number of leukocytes (5,5 versus 6,8–8,4 out of 500 erythrocytes) and immature erythrocytes (3,7 versus 5,4–7,6 out of 200 pcs.), and increased proportions of neutrophils (2,2 versus 0,2–0,8%) and monocytes (6,3 versus 2,5–5,7%) in comparison with pike perch grown by the combined method: first in ponds and then in industrial conditions. In general, biochemical and hematological studies of pike perch underyearlings did not reveal any obvious pathologies and significant deviations from the physiological norm, which indicates the normal state and development of fish cultured in factory conditions.

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