Based on the analysis of literary sources on the history of fishing in rivers and reservoirs of Russia for the XX and the beginning of the XXI century, the characteristics of the current state of sterlet stocks by subjects in individual fisheries basins are given. The main reasons for the decrease in sterlet catches for the Volga basin are hydro–construction, for the rivers of Siberia – poaching. As a result of re-climatization measures and mass stocking of young sterlet by the 20s of the XXI century, «factory» populations of commercial sterlet were formed in individual reservoirs and rivers of the European part of the country.

The assessment of the stock status and prospects for the fishery of the Barents Sea cod is characterized by significant uncertainty caused by the peculiarities of the age structure, which often led to significant differences in the results obtained using different models. As a result, this caused intense discussions both within the framework of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and at the meetings of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission. In 2021, at a specialized ICES workshop («benchmark» group), the input data and configuration of the main assessment model - SAM, were refined, related to the inclusion of additional information on older age groups. As a result, two models currently used by the ICES working group to estimate cod stock (SAM and TISVPA), which are very different in their approaches, showed that the number of generations born in 2004–2005 significantly decreased, which led to a decrease in cod biomass. An assessment of the prospects for the state of the stock, performed both on the basis of calculations using the SAM model and on the basis of an alternative approach using the AMO (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Index), showed a high probability of further decline and stabilization of the spawning stock biomass (and catches) in the next 2–3 years, after which restoration of spawning stock biomass is likely due to sufficiently abumdante generations born in 2011 and 2014.

Russian research into the possibility for fishing of Antarctic crabs was started in 2010 in the South part of Atlantic Ocean (Anosov, 2012). Subsequently appeared the idea to study the possibility of crab fishing in the Pacific sector of Antarctica, where no one had previously conducted such studies, but it was known about by-catch of potentially commercial species of crabs to the longline (Anosov, 2015). The realization is came in the season of 2018/2019, when the first stage of the research program was completed. The purpose was to establish the species composition and the primary determination of the distribution of crabs in the area 88.2 and in the area 88.3. Crab fishing was carried out with the help of conical pots, which were set in 120 pieces in order. The average stagnation time was 32 hours 42 minutes. 3 species of crabs were occurred. Only one can be considered as potentially commercial species – Neolithodes yaldwini. As a result of these studies, data on the species composition, morphological parameters, bathymetric and spatial distribution of Antarctic species of crabs of the family Lithodidae were obtained for the first time.

The paper aims at giving a brief review of the population structure, abundance and biomass dynamics of beaked redfish of the Irminger Sea obtained during the trawl acoustic surveys and analytical assessment. The adequacy of the current fisheries management measures for redfish in NEAFC is assessed. It was shown, that recent findings of the foreign genetic research apparently contradict to the relevant population structure for beaked redfish of the Irminger Sea applied in ICES, which specifies four stocks of the species. The ICES’ position of the depressed shallow pelagic and deep pelagic redfish stocks lacks substantial evidence from the results of the surveys in 2018–2021 and analytical assessment carried out by the Russian experts for the single redfish stock. The results allow assessing the current state of the stock as ‘good’. Thus, ICES/NEAFC recommendations that there shall be no directed fisheries neither for the shallow pelagic redfish stock nor the deep pelagic redfish stock in the Irminger Sea and adjacent waters until 2024 are insufficiently substantiated and need to be revised.

One of the strategic goals of the Russian fishing industry in modern conditions is to expand the activities of the fishing fleet to the open ocean areas. Based on modern data from satellite monitoring of fishing vessels in the World Ocean for 2020, the paper provides a characteristic of the state of oceanic fisheries. The most active fishing zones in the open part of the World Ocean outside the exclusive economic zones of coastal states, which may be of interest for the development of domestic oceanic fishing, have been identified and described. The most active fishing takes place in the open areas of the World Ocean, which are not covered by the regulation of regional fisheries organizations, and especially active is the fishing for species that are not regulated by them. First of all, squid are such commercial species. Tunas and other pelagic predators are also promising species in open areas of the World Ocean. The main types of fishing vessels in the open ocean are longline fishing vessels, jigging vessels and purse seiners. The information provided will be in demand when organizing the fishing of biological resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction, as well as preparing exploratory research expeditions to promising fishing areas.

The article presents the research materials of pike perch r. Volga and the Kuibyshev reservoir and noted the changes that have occurred in its population. Prior to the creation of the reservoir in the conditions of the Middle Volga, male zander matured at the age of 5–6 years, females at 6–7 years. In the Kuibyshev reservoir, pike perch becomes sexually mature at the age of 4–5 years, and a small part of it matures at the age of three. In the reservoir, due to ecological plasticity and the ability to lay eggs in a wide temperature range, regardless of the level regime of the reservoir and the spawning substrate, a gradual increase in its biological indicators, abundance and reserves began to be noted. Improving the feeding conditions of zander in the reservoir contributed to earlier puberty, an increase in the absolute fecundity of fish and its abundance in the reservoir. This contributed to an increase in zander catches since 1974, which in 1985 reached a maximum of 517 tons (9,2% of the total fish catch in the reservoir). Sufficiently high catches of zander over the past 10–15 years indicate the stability of its stocks in the Kuibyshev reservoir, which currently tend to increase. The multi-age sizeweight composition of zander in the Kuibyshev reservoir is represented by both young and older individuals, and confirms that the population is in good condition.

Summary the latest and the most complete data about the distribution of sockeye salmon in the rivers of the continental coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, its intraspecific structure and age composition are presented in the article, data on scale structure and growth rate are quoted for the first time.

The work presents the biological characteristics of the females of the Amur sturgeon caught in the Amur River: indicators of the length and body weight of females, the mass and stages of maturity of their gonads, the dimensional mass characteristic of oocytes, indicators of individual absolute and relative fertility. The results of histological examination of gonads are presented. Degenerative changes in the structure of the reproductive system were noted, reducing the effectiveness of natural reproduction.

The results of bottom trawl surveys and simulation assessments indicate relative stable state of saffron cod stock in the southwestern part of the Bering Sea. According to model calculations the total stock of saffron cod in 2020 amounted to 163,8 thousand tons. The analysis of the Danish seine catches showed that saffron cod forms commercial concentrations mainly in the Litke Strait and the Gulf of Corfu. In 2010-2020 the total catch of the saffron cod ranged from 4,3 to 14,5 thousand tons averaging 8,5 thousand tons. The most effective fishing by Danish seine is carried out in September and October with average catches of 9,1 and 11,5 tons per day respectively.

During the evaluation of broodstocks on the basis of the Federal Fish Breeding Genetic Center (FSGTSR), rainbow trout females maturing with an interval of 6 months were found. It has been established that under conditions of RAS, females with bicyclic spawning can produce the same full-fledged reproductive products of high fish-breeding quality, as well as producers with a normal sexual cycle. It has been suggested that maturation every six months of only a part of females indicates the genetic predetermination of individual fish to the appearance of this feature. The breeding of domestic breeds of rainbow trout with bicyclic spawning will also greatly contribute to the realization of the biological potential of this species and open up new prospects for trout breeding in Russia.

The results of the analysis and economic calculations for ensuring the entire cycle of growing Atlantic sturgeon from caviar to producers in the Konakovskiy fish factory, and the planned total costs are shown. Information on the financial assessment of the breeding of the Atlantic sturgeon will allow fish farms to assess their ability to keep the Atlantic sturgeon in order to restore the population of this species in the Baltic Sea basin.

Every year, the world’s reserves of aquatic biological resources are depleted, so the breeding and cultivation of fish, shrimp and shellfish becomes a reliable way to provide the population with enough fish and seafood. Recently, aquaculture has faced serious problems, including limited species diversity, labor intensity of technological processes, environmental pollution, fish diseases and others. For its reproduction, the latest technologies are needed to increase the production of products and the efficiency of business processes. The latest technologies, including artificial intelligence, aquaculture recycling systems, alternative proteins and oils to replace fish meal and fish oil, blockchain for marketing and the Internet of Things can be a solution for sustainable and profitable development of aquaculture. The article provides an overview of some of the latest technologies, and also discusses the possibilities of integrating these technologies into aquaculture for the breakthrough development of the industry.

The paper presents an overview of foreign practices of using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in fish farming or aquaculture. It is noted how effective the management of a fish farm can become if there is access to new information that would have gone unnoticed without the use of artificial intelligence. Taking into account the fact that the pace of development of aquaculture in Russia is very insignificant and significantly lags behind foreign analogues, and also taking into account the active processes of digitalization of all spheres of the economy in our country, it seems that a review of foreign practice of using AI in aquaculture will further create its own resource base in the direction of AI for the agro-industrial sector.

This study presents a sampling manual of megabenthos bycatch, based on long-term monitoring programms of bottom communities in North Atlantic and Arctic. The present guidance will provide high-quality, reliable, and complete data about benthic communities for conservation and protection of their habitats. This manual will help to optimize sampling and processing of megabenthos by-catches on board a research or fishing vessel and standardize information about megabenthos bycatches for the analysis. The results of the application of this guidance in domestic and foreign studies are discussed.