In most of the areas surveyed in 2025, an increase in the number and biomass of omul was noted compared to the previous year. According to the results of the sonar survey, the total number of omul in the Baikal water area was 51,5 million, and the biomass was 11,1 thousand tons, which is 39 % and 29 % higher than in 2024, respectively. The research results indicate a positive trend of stock recovery. According to results of calculations based on the TISVPA model, the fishable stock biomass of Baikal omul in 2025 is reached 10,6 thousand tons, an increase of 32,5 % compared to the previous year. The high convergence of the results obtained using different methods indicates their reliability. The natural reproduction of pelagic omul in 2025 was, as in 2024, at a low level due to the entry into the spawning stock of weak generations born in 2016–2018. Extremely low numbers of hatching larvae in the Bolshaya Rechka and Selenga rivers will negatively affect the stock level starting in 2028. In the surveyed areas of Lake Baikal (Barguzinsky, Severobaikalsky, and Selenginsky), catches were significantly dominated by individuals of the coastal morphological and ecological group. In 2024 and 2025, the high abundance generation year of birth in 2020 dominated in the control catches. If the number of recruitment aged 2 years is at the level of 2021–2024 and the catch is no more than 300 tons, the projected fishable stock biomass in 2026–2027 will increase to 12,6 and 14,5 thousand tons, and spawning stock biomass – up to 2,6 and 3,9 thousand tons, respectively.

   The materials of the ichthyoplankton survey, which was conducted in 1959–1993 in the breeding and drift areas of juveniles of the main commercial fish of the Barents Sea, have recently been digitized, which made it possible to process the primary data using a complex of modern computer programs. The indices of the abundance of cod eggs and larvae (horizontal catches with and without weighing according to the number of individuals caught at the stations) were considered in order to compare them with the biomass of the cod spawning stock (SSB), thermal conditions of waters and plankton biomass. The centroids of the distribution of the indices of the number of cod individuals in the early stages of development were calculated according to the survey data from April-May and June-July, which were compared with the same biotic and abiotic indicators.

   The conceptual issues of the formal representation of the dynamic structure of the spawning migration of the Aradesque greenlinling Pleurogrammus azonus are considered. Based on the factual material and literature data, its functional character is being investigated. It is assumed that spawning migration is a natural continuation of the spring migration going ashore. Its fundamental difference is the formation of spawning schools with a layered age structure. They begin to form when producers move into the deep (subsurface) water mass. The appearance of mating coloration in old males is a stimulating signal for grouping other producers around them. Leadership in the spawning school initially belongs to the old males and then passes to the old females. When moving, producers of the older age groups adhere to more stable environmental conditions compared to producers of the younger age groups. The essence of the proposed strategy is the layered movement of producers with the leadership of the older age groups, after the emergence of the mating coloration in the latter.

   Based on our own observations and literary data, we analyzed structural changes in the diet of the Baikal seal during the period of significant changes in its population. The wide range of the Baikal seal’s diet includes various species of fish and invertebrates and is an adaptation to a stochastic habitat. The growth of the seal population after the cessation of its commercial exploitation, as well as intensive fishing on Lake Baikal, have led to a decrease in the seal’s food supply and a change in its diet. The transition to feeding on amphipods, mistakenly interpreted as a positive fact, in our opinion, indicates nutritional stress. The simplest calculations show that feeding on amphipods provides only about 10 % of the seal’s daily energy needs. With the current seal population of 160 thousand individuals, the annual food requirement is about 146 thousand tons, which is three quarters of the annual productivity of the lake. The restoration of valuable commercial fish stocks without regulating the Baikal seal population will slow down significantly.

   This article examines various aspects of the seaweed harvest – Saccharina japonica (Japanese kelp) – by Japanese fishermen within Russian territorial waters near the small, uninhabited Signalny Island in the Sovetsky Strait of the Pacific Ocean, part of the Lesser Kuril Islands. Signalny Island is part of the South Kuril District of the Sakhalin Region. The article focuses on conservation measures that enable the sustainable harvest of this seaweed in Russian waters to be maintained on a long-term basis under joint agreements.

   The results of a study on pikeperch triploidization using hydrostatic pressure shock (7000 PSI) applied 5 min after fertilization with varying exposure durations of 5 and 10 min are presented. It was shown that both protocols yielded close to 100% triploidy rate. Egg survival during the incubation period was higher with the shorter pressure exposure: after a 5-min exposure, the survival rate was 77,9 %, after 10 min –73,4 %, and in the control group –88,4 %. Rearing triploid pikeperch to the fingerling stage revealed their growth retardation from larvae weighing 50-70 mg and reduced survival compared to diploids: the final mass and survival rate of triploids were 3,5 g and 46,4 %, respectively, while for diploids, these values were 4,0 g and 77,5 %.

   First experience of making aerial surveys with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles of the aircraft-type in the course of scientific assistance of salmon fishery campaign in 2025 is demonstrated in the article.

   The relevance of the work being conducted is driven by the need to improve scientific observation methods and automate data analysis processes, which are among the priority tasks of modern fisheries science.

   Effectiveness of using the aircraft-type UAV for assessment of sockeye salmon stock in spawning grounds has been demonstrated. This method demonstrates several essential advantages vs routine methods of aerial observations, and provides high accuracy, reproducibility and the possibility of data archiving. However, the success of this approach is determined by a combination of factors, including the technical characteristics of the devices, the use of optical filters, lighting conditions and water transparency, as well as the proper planning of flight missions. The experience gained confirms the potential of using unmanned technologies in the fisheries industry and opens up new opportunities for the development of modern methods for monitoring the state of the nation fisheries resource base.

   Assessments of the admission Pacific salmon mature fishes to the spawning grounds is a key element in the operational regulation of salmon runs and the management of these species. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to track salmon spawners admission into Far Eastern rivers, which began in the mid-2010s, demonstrates the potential of this method and is gaining momentum. Using the example of Khabarovsk Region, methods of aerial surveys of running Pacific salmons have been developed for consumer-grade UAV models using a variety of information technologies, including AI (artificial intelligence), photogrammetry, and GIS (geographical information systems). The ongoing reequipment of VNIRO’s Far Eastern branches with a fleet of new industrial-grade UAVs and computing equipment for processing UAV survey data, as part of the national «Unmanned Aerial Systems» project, beginning in 2024, opened up opportunities for scaling and significantly expanding the coverage of UAV surveys. These opportunities require appropriate organization of work, the use of equipment, and strategic planning. Given the lack of large-scale projects worldwide involving UAV surveys of migratory fish species using industrial-grade UAVs, these studies by VNIRO’s Far Eastern branches are essentially innovative and therefore require in-depth methodological development for adequate implementation. This paper partially addresses this gap by describing the current status of unmanned census of Pacific salmon at the Far Eastern branches and presenting a roadmap for its development, taking into account the updated equipment fleet and scaling plans. A two-phase project is proposed: the first phase involves optimizing the use of current components of the existing UAV survey techniques, while the second phase integrates additional elements and incorporates related areas of unmanned monitoring. It is shown that the full realization of the potential of unmanned salmon census for the rational management of Pacific salmon stocks is achievable only in the case of its integrated use with complementary information technologies: preparatory and photogrammetric image processing, detection of census objects by developed artificial neural networks, geoinformation methods for census planning and analysis of its results, decision support systems (DSS) for remote distributed hierarchical access of the expert community to the analysis of the survey data for the purpose of fish stock management.

   The paper evaluated the effectiveness of computer vision methods for aerial visual accounting of sockeye salmon producers at the key spawning grounds of Lake Azabachye in 2024. The optimal criteria for selecting photo and video materials collected for training a computer vision model are determined.

   The article presents a method for spatiotemporal standardization of stock assessment for the Kamchatka crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in the Barents Sea, based on Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) using the sdmTMB library in the R environment. Analysis of data from specialized and ecosystem surveys (2019–2024) identified key drivers of species distribution: bottom temperature (5–7 °C), depth (25–150 m), and distance from the shore (0–150 km). It was found that switching to ecosystem surveys reduces density estimates by 89 %, emphasizing the need for methodological standardization. Projections under the SSP5-8,5 climate scenario revealed a northeastward shift in the crab’s range by 2100, including coastal zones of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. The results demonstrate that incorporating spatiotemporal autocorrelation and ensemble modeling enhances estimation accuracy, providing a foundation for adaptive resource management under climate instability.

   This work is devoted to studying the physical process of lifting catches on stern trawling trawlers using the slipway method. Previous work on a mock-up experimental setup allowed us to determine the dependence of the force generated at the haul end of the haul winch on various factors characterizing the vessel’s structure and fishing system. To determine the correction factor required for using the obtained dependence in the design of full-scale fishing systems and the selection of fishing complexes, experimental work was required in marine conditions. After conducting these studies and obtaining full-scale values, an algorithm was used to calculate the haul force based on the dependence for the vessel on which the measurements were conducted. The results were compared, and a correction factor was determined.

   In the course of laboratory studies, the effect of microplastics made of polyethylene terephthalate (MP) polymer on juvenile of Kamchatka steelhead Oncorhynchus (Parasalmo) mykiss in an aquatic environment was studied. Thirty specimens were randomly distributed across three aquariums: one served as a control tank, and varying amounts of MP particles were added to the aquatic environment of the other two. The exposition lasted 30 days. The results of the study of their gastrointestinal tract (GIT) at the end of the experiment showed that the juveniles absorbed it both from the water and from the bottom of the aquarium. MP was detected in the gastrointestinal tract in the amount of up to 460 particles/specimen. Fishes from the control group, where there were no microplastics in the water, grew better than the one that was exposed to MP by ingestion. The relationship between fish growth (length and weight) and microplastic consumption is estimated and discussed.

   This study aims to develop a methodological framework for developing a system of indicators based on modern theories and new economic mechanisms, the implementation of which will ensure the sustainable development of Russia’s fisheries sector.

   The scientific innovation lies in the refinement of the theory and the development of a methodological framework for developing a system of indicators for the components of sustainable development in the fisheries sector.

   The results of their analysis are important for management decision-making in economic and public administration. In digital systems, the analysis of sustainable development indicators will help justify measures to improve the economic, environmental, and social efficiency of industrial and coastal fisheries.

   The practical significance lies in the formation of information in the system of indicators for sustainable development components, which, when implementing new economic mechanisms, enables the prompt regulation of fisheries processes and is aimed at achieving national goals and fulfilling the objectives of the Strategy for the Development of the Fisheries Complex of Russia.

   The article presents the results of the analysis of the movement of fish and fish products between federal districts, with the exception of canned fish, within the framework of a modified gravity model.

   The aim of the work is to improve the methodology for managing the fisheries complex of Russia, especially when making decisions that take into account the spatial organization of the complex.

   The initial data were the data on interregional trade in fish and processed fish products (except canned goods) for 2024, published on the Bl portal. The choice of the gravity model as a tool for studying commodity flows, observing both individual and geographical factors, is justified. The results of the analysis show that traditional determinants of consumer and foreign trade activity are characterized by a high explanatory function in modeling domestic transportation of fish products by rail.

   The article examines the potential of predictive analytics, which can be used to improve the economic policy of the Kamchatka Territory’s fisheries sector. The necessity of transition to digitalization of management is substantiated. An overview of predictive analytics methods is presented, as well as examples of their implementation in international and Russian practice. The main stages of forecasting to the operating conditions of the fisheries complex of the region are considered.

   The article substantiates the directions of improving the organizational and economic mechanism of domestic commercial fish farming, including the introduction of smart aquaculture systems, the development of legal and economic mechanisms for financing regional programs, which will expand the range of products produced, increase the economic efficiency of fish farms and the competitiveness of the products produced.