In recent years, the number of decapod crustacean species used in aquaculture has continued to increase, and production volumes are growing rapidly, reaching 12,75 million tonnes in 2022. The seven most popular species (Penaeus vannamei, Procambarus clarkii, Eriocheir sinensis, Penaeus monodon, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Macrobrachium nipponense, Scylla paramamosain) together account for 95% of the world’s total aquaculture production. The specific biology and life cycles of decapod crustacean species determine the possibility of using intensive and extensive farming biotechnologies. At present, thermophilic species have an advantage, for which it is possible to use intensive biotechnologies or a combination of intensive and extensive biotechnologies. The need to use various resources for aquaculture has led to the presence among the most popular species both those for which intensive farming biotechnologies are mainly used, and those for which extensive approaches are used. The possibility of using marine and saltwater reservoirs is an important resource for modern decapod aquaculture. At the same time, freshwater reservoirs and low mineralization reservoirs are widely used, especially in the final stages of cultivation. The most promising species for decapod aquaculture in Russia are those with the highest production rates, which are the most widely used in global aquaculture. At the same time, due to the peculiarities of Russia’s geography and climate, the ability to use a combination of intensive (the use of ultrasound in the early stages of the life cycle) and extensive (the use of ponds for growing to marketable size) approaches to their cultivation is the most imperative condition. In addition, indigenous species of significant commercial importance are an important resource for Russian aquaculture.

The paper presents a review of taxa within the salmon subfamily, based on consideration of morpho-biological characteristics, paleontological, genetic data, and features of the history of morphogenesis. It is noted that along with the Salmo and Salvelinus branches, the Parasalmo branch identified by Vladykov is part of the main macroevolutionary trunk in the evolution of salmon, taking into account diadromy and polycyclicity as the main features. At the same time, using the advantages of polycyclicity in terms of resistance to changes in environmental factors, they realized a wide settlement in the northern waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and a circumpolar distribution in the Arctic. A large group of monocyclic Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) prevails in the North Pacific waters with fairly stable (compared to the North Atlantic and Arctic waters) climatic and oceanographic conditions in interstadials and even more stable conditions in stadials against the background of the cessation of Arctic waters entering the region during the “drying up” of the Bering Strait during the ocean regression. Using a set of data when considering the specifics of macroevolutionary processes, based on and in development of the views of researchers on the features of the formation of the taxonomic composition of genera within the subfamily Salmoninae, a position is substantiated with a proposal to introduce in addition to the g. Parasalmo and Oncorhynchus and the g. Masou.

This study reports the findings of an evaluation of the impact of abiotic environmental conditions on the dispersion of the northeast Arctic haddock population. The distribution of haddock is significantly influenced by temperature, ice cover, depth, salinity, and water clarity. The presence of haddock is most strongly correlated with the average water temperature during the warmest month and the highest yearly bottom temperature among thermal characteristics. The region of the Barents Sea with a high likelihood of haddock presence (P > 0,5) is predicted to cover 820,000 km², accounting for 29,3% of the whole Barents Sea area. The CMIP6 climate model’s forecast scenarios indicate that climatic warming by the end of the 21st century is likely to cause a substantial increase (by 9–50%) in the potential distribution area of haddock in the Barents Sea.

The paper presents the results of comparison of Dolly Varden char (malma) from the mouth of the Urak and Okhota rivers of Khabarovsk Territory. The following biological traits were analysed: age, size composition, linear and mass growth, reproductive biology, the type and occurrence of injuries, CPUE. The fish from Urak River, compared to Okhota River malma, are characterized by an increased size and age range, high growth rates, increased GSI and fecundity. Reduced growth and fecundity of malma from the mouth of the Okhota River may be related to the fact that it was the dominant species in the catches, which may indicate a high level of competition for food resources. In contrast to fish from the Okhota River, malma from the Urak River had injury patterns similar to those of pink salmon. This may indicate differences in the life histories of fish from the studied rivers: malma collected from the Urak River has traits of the anadromous form, while fish from the Okhota River can be considered as resident. Our data fill the existing gaps in knowledge on the biology and ecology of malma from the rivers of the Northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk.

The reduction of desalinated buffer zones in the estuary area and the salinization of the sea, caused by the intensive drop in water levels and increased water management activities, are accompanied by a qualitative and quantitative restructuring of the trophic structure of biocenoses and change the habitat conditions of hydrobionts. In the ecological complex of the Caspian Sea, there is a reduction in the forage organisms of the slightly saline and saline water complexes, and there is a persistent dominance of marine and euryhaline species. The diet of fish is mainly formed by Azov-Black Sea invaders, in particular, by the prawn-like crustacean acartia and the larvae of barnacles. Against the background of the sea regression, observations are continued on the population structure and distribution of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi, the spontaneous invasion of which in the early 2000s undermined the food base of the Caspian sprats. The high numbers and biomass of Mnemiopsis in the first years after its introduction were a result of the absence of natural enemies. The coincidence of the migration routes of the mnemioopsis and the habitat of the anchovy-like sprat Clupeonella engrauliformis led to severe predation in the early stages of development (eggs and larvae). Based on monitoring observations, an analysis was conducted on the formation of the food base (zooplankton) and the conditions of the anchovy-like sprat’s feeding in the Middle Caspian Sea.

The results of processing plankton samples taken in September-October 2016 during the 48th voyage of the R/V «Akademik Oparin» in the Chukchi Sea revealed high abundance of   pelagic larvae of bivalve mollusks from 22 September to 1 October. Nine species were identified to genus and species. Using Pearson’s criterion, the abundance of two of them (Serripes groenlandicus and Hiatella arctica) was significantly negatively correlated with water silicon concentration (r = 0,4085 and r = 0,3973, respectively) and oxygen concentration near the bottom (r = 0,5175 and r = 0,5917, respectively). Chlorophyll-a (chl) concentration (r = 0,4175; r = 0,5414 and r = 0,4680, respectively) significantly positively influenced the abundance of Mya spp., Mactra spp. and Hiatella arctica. The abundance of Zirfaea spp. and Chlamys spp. was significantly positively influenced by water temperature near the surface (r = 0,4604 and r = 0,4574, respectively). Macoma spp. abundance was significantly positively related to the pH of the medium (r = 0,4316), and Mactra spp. – (r = 0,5343). This criterion found 2 times less correlations of larval abundance with medium than the Dispersion Analysis (DA). Results of nMDS analysis confirmed similarity with (DA) only in the relationship of Mactra to water temperature near the bottom. The most «harvestable» water area was off the Bering Strait and at Herald Bank.

The work is devoted to the expedition of the R/V «Vladimir Uskov» in 2024, which was aimed at assessing the status of commercial and mass non-commercial fish species, as well as comparison with the results of 2023. In addition, for the first time a modern method of catch analysis LBI (Length-based indicators), based on the analysis of fish size series, was used. The study notes that 16 fish species of five families were recorded in trawl catches and set nets in the Rybinsk Reservoir. As a result, the biological status of biomass and abundance of commercial fish in 2024 in the Rybinsk reservoir remains at a normal level for sustainable and precautionary fishing. Thus, the biomass and abundance of bream, pike, zander, blue bream, roach, white bream,   sabrefish, Volga zander and ruff were higher in 2024 than in 2023. The populations of pike, catfish and perch remain small. Due to their small numbers, the commercial importance of ide, burbot, tench and crucian carp is still low, as evidenced by their rare catches. It is necessary to note positive efforts to release sterlet from fish hatcheries, whose juveniles were observed in   trawling at Koprino station.

Various periods of operation of stocks in the organization of industrial fishery of Atlantic salmon were considered, an analysis of changes in the number of salmon in the Pechora river was carried out. The results of long-term observations of salmon spawning migration are presented, as well as information on the main biological parameters of salmon forming spawning herds of different years. The state of Atlantic salmon stocks in the Pechora river during various periods of fishery is given. The concept of using stocks of Atlantic salmon in the Pechora river is proposed.

The biological state of spawning saffron cod from winter-spring venter catches obtained from 2005 to 2012 was analyzed. Fishing conditions and ice conditions in the Ossora Bay of the Karaginsky District were assessed. The length of fish in venter catches was within 14–48 cm. From 2005 to 2024, the catch varied from 0 to 1133,6 tons with an average value of 570 tons. Over the past five years (2020–2024), the average catch of saffron cod was 787,4 tons. It was shown that the reason for the incomplete catch of saffron cod in 2020–2024 is the unfavorable ice conditions for setting venter nets that developed against the background of abnormally «warm» years, which resulted in a significant reduction in the possible period for fishing this species. In the early 2000s, venter net fishing began in mid-December and continued until the end of April, which was facilitated by increased ice formation in the fishing area.

The paper considers the current state of the sterlet population in the Saratov and Volgograd reservoirs. The analysis of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU fishing), literature data and calculations made it possible to determine the current state of the sterlet population and the necessary volumes of release of undergrown juveniles in order to restore the natural population. The result of artificial reproduction of sterlet in the Saratov reservoir was the gradual growth of the population and the formation of a commercial reserve. At present, the sterlet population in the Volgograd reservoir is small and characterized by extremely low ichthyomass, modern stocking volumes only allow the sterlet to be maintained as a species. The timing and optimal release locations are proposed in order to sustainably increase the survival rate of juveniles in reservoir conditions.

The relevance of the study is due to the strategic role of fish farming in ensuring food security of the industrial region and its vulnerability during crises. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the financial and economic indicators of the activities and the impact of crisis periods (covid restrictions 2020–2021 and foreign economic sanctions 2022 Russia 2024) on organizations in the field of fish farming in the Sverdlovsk region based on financial statements for 2020–2024. The analysis revealed contradictory trends in the development of the sub-sector. On the one hand, there is a positive dynamics in the number of organizations (+61,5%) and revenue (+75,5%), especially noticeable during the sanctions period, which indicates attempts at import substitution and expansion of the sector. On the other hand, the financial condition of small businesses (all 21 enterprises in the sample) has significantly worsened under the impact of external challenges. The profitability of operations is extremely low or negative, especially in 2023. Financial stability is declining, the autonomy ratio has fallen below the regulatory level (0,49 in 2024), and the dependence on borrowed capital (capitalization ratio of 0,74) and accounts payable (an increase of 5,2 times) has increased sharply. Liquidity problems persist, and working capital management (inventories, accounts   receivable and accounts payable) remains ineffective, despite some improvement in turnover in 2024. Fish farming in the Sverdlovsk region demonstrates growth potential in the context of import substitution, but its development is constrained by serious financial risks, low profitability and inefficient resource management, aggravated by external challenges. Without systemic support measures and internal optimization, the long-term sustainability of the sub-sector remains in question. Specific recommendations are given, including strengthening state support (preferential lending, subsidies for feed and energy, development of logistics), stimulating cooperation between producers, introducing resource-saving technologies, optimizing working capital and diversifying sales to increase marginality.

The article emphasizes that fish is not only a tasty and nutritious product, but also an important   part of Russian culture and traditions. The reduction in fish consumption in Russia over the past 10 years is caused, among other things, by the low level of public awareness of its benefits. This also applies to freshwater fish, the consumer properties of which are underestimated. The Government of the Russian Federation has set the task of expanding measures to stimulate the development of the fisheries complex, with an emphasis on increasing the production and consumption of fish products on the domestic market. Measures to popularize and promote fish products, including products from multi-purpose reservoirs, will significantly increase the per capita consumption rate by citizens of the country. The growth in the production and consumption of fish products, which are perishable and difficult to transport food products, should be ensured by monitoring their quality and safety.

The North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC), established for the long-term conservation and sustainable use of fishery resources in the region, is celebrating its 10th anniversary. During its work, the NPFC has achieved notable success in preserving fishery resources and vulnerable marine ecosystems of submarine rises. An independent expert group reviewed the NPFC activities and presented a number of recommendations. These recommendations and some aspects of the organization’s activities are analyzed from the point of view of prospects for further development and improvement of procedures and practices.